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Journaux medicauxThe Likelihood of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT) in the United States: Implications for Umbilical Cord Blood Storage.HCT effectively treats a variety of malignant diseases. Availability of suitable grafts limits application in some cases, prompting the establishment of banks to store umbilical cord blood for later personal or family use. The likelihood of utilizing stored cells depends, in part, on the likelihood of developing a condition for which HCT is indicated. This study estimates the latter likelihood based on data for current HCT use as reported to the CIBMTR from 2001 through 2003. First, age-related incidences of HCT were calculated; then, using the cumulative incidence function, we calculated the lifetime likelihood under two scenarios. In scenario 1, we calculated the likelihood of receiving an autologous HCT by age, in decades, from birth to 70 years. In scenario 2, we calculated the likelihood of being a candidate for either an autologous or an allogeneic HCT. This likelihood was derived from the number of HLA-identical sibling HCTs multiplied by three (to account for patients considered acceptable candidates but lacking an HLA-matched sibling donor) in addition to the number of autologous HCT. The number of HCT performed represented fewer than 20% of the malignant diagnoses most commonly treated with HCT, according to Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data. After the second decade of life, the age-related incidences of HCT under both scenarios steadily increased with age. The cumulative incidences for scenario 1 ranged from 0.02% (at age 20) to 0.23% (at age 70); for scenario 2 they ranged from 0.06% (at age 20) to 0.46% (at age 70) (Figure). Given the current indications for HCT, the lifetime likelihood of undergoing an autologous HCT or being a candidate for HCT is about 1 in 400 and 1 in 200, respectively. How closely these estimates correspond to the likelihood that a stored cord blood unit is used depends upon several conditions including a) sufficient number of stem cells; b) satisfactory stem cell quality after the storage period; and, c) relative attractiveness, in particular clinical situations, of cord blood cells compared to other graft sources (e.g. peripheral blood or bone marrow). SOURCE: Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2005 106: Abstract 1330 http://abstracts.hematologylibrary.org Isolation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord bloodOscar K. Lee, Tom K. Kuo, Wei-Ming Chen, Kuan-Der Lee, Shie-Liang Hsieh, and Tain-Hsiung Chen From the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Research Division, National Health Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan; and Department of Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. It is well accepted that umbilical cord blood has been a source for hematopoietic stem cells. However, controversy exists as to whether cord blood can serve as a source of mesenchymal stem cells, which can differentiate into cells of different connective tissue lineages such as bone, cartilage, and fat, and little success has been reported in the literature about the isolation of such cells from cord blood. Here we report a novel method to obtain single cell-derived, clonally expanded mesenchymal stem cells that are of multilineage differentiation potential by negative immunoselection and limiting dilution. The immunophenotype of these clonally expanded cells is consistent with that reported for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Under appropriate induction conditions, these cells can differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat. Surprisingly, these cells were also able to differentiate into neuroglial- and hepatocyte-like cells under appropriate induction conditions and, thus, these cells may be more than mesenchymal stem cells as evidenced by their ability to differentiate into cell types of all 3 germ layers. In conclusion, umbilical cord blood does contain mesenchymal stem cells and should not be regarded as medical waste. It can serve as an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells to bone marrow. SOURCE: BLOOD, 1 March 2004, Vol 103, No. 5, pp.1669-1678 http://abstracts.hematologylibrary.org Stem Cell Therapy for AutismThomasEIchim1, FabioSolano2, EduardoGlenn2, FrankMorales2, LeonardSmith2, GeorgeZabrecky3 and NeilHRiordan*1,4Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neuro developmental conditions whose incidence is reaching epidemic proportions, afflicting approximately 1 in 166 children. Autistic disorder, or autism is the most common form of ASD. Although several neuro physiological alterations have been associated with autism, immune abnormalities and neural hypoperfusion appear to be broadly consistent. These appear to be causative since correlation of altered inflammatory responses, and hypoperfusion with symptology is reported. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are in late phases of clinical development for treatment of graft versus host disease and Crohn's Disease, two conditionsof immune dysregulation. Cord blood CD34+ cells are known to be potent angiogenic stimulators, having demonstrated positive effects in not only peripheral ischemia, but also in models of cerebralischemia. Additionally, anecdotal clinical cases have reported responses in autistic children receiving cord blood CD34+ cells. We propose the combined use of MSC and cord bloodCD34+cells may be useful in the treatment of autism. Address: 1Medistem Laboratories Inc, Tempe, Arizona, USA, 2Institute for Cellular Medicine, San Jose, Costa Rica, 3Americas Medical Center, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA and 42027 E. Cedar Street Suite 102 Tempe, AZ 85281, USAEmail: ThomasEIchim-thomas.ichim@gmail.com; FabioSolano-doctorsolano@gmail.com; EduardoGlenn-edglenn@yahoo.com; FrankMorales-DrFrank59@aol.com; LeonardSmith-lsmithmd@gmail.com; GeorgeZabrecky-doctorgpz@aol.com; NeilHRiordan*-riordan@medisteminc.com Freezing of living cells: mechanisms and implications“Cells can endure storage at low temperatures such as--196 degrees C for centuries. ….The only reactions that can occur in frozen aqueous systems at -196 Knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women with regard to collection, testing and banking of cord blood stem cells Umbilical cord blood is used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant disease. We sought to examine pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes regarding cord blood banking, as their support is crucial to the success of cord blood transplant programs. |
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